Usage: Take 1 to 3 scoops before or after exercise, or as directed by your qualified health consultant. Each scoop provides approximately 2.2 grams D-Ribose. Ribose is a carbohydrate naturally found in all cells of the body. Physical stress can increase the loss of nucleotides (such as ATP, ADP and AMP) from the heart and skeletal muscles. Ribose metabolizes into 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate (PRPP), which is a rate limiting substrate used in the synthesis of nucleotides.* Jarrow Formulas Ribose Muscle Edge™ is made in the USA by a process of microbial fermentation of natural vegetarian sources, and is protected by U.S. patents 6,159,942, 6,534,480, 6,218,366, and 6,339,716. Keep out of the reach of children. *These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. Other Ingredients: 100% D-Ribose. Contains NO other substances.